Nebulizer of the heavier liquid hydrocarbons.



No. 876,108. PATBNTEDJAN. 7, 1908.

J'. H. STRINGHAM & J. B. BLMBNDORF. NEBULIZER 01" THE HBAVIER LIQUID HYDROOARBONS.

APPLICATION FILED 15. 1906 13- St flamers: by 6: W I jzj-Atty" 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1'.

PATENTED JAN. 7, 1908. NDORF. i

I J. HISTRINGHAMI: J. B. ELMB NEBULIZE'R OF THE HEAVIER LIQUID H YDROG ARBO NS. APPLIGATIdNIILED NOV. 15.1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

At st:

Inventors:

I 05.4; F W m fiWm/KMW UNITED JOHN H. STPlXGHAV, Oi

.Illlt'SliYliii, NEW JERSEY. .X XD (TOT-IN 13. ELM

EXDORF, or

NEBULIZER OF THE HEAVIER LIQUID HYDRO'CARBONS.

Specifiation of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 15, 1906 Patented Jai 7, i908; Serial In. 343.636.

To all whom, it may (o-ricer:

Be it known that we, Jonx 'Ii. S'rniixonixin and Jonx B. lflmnaxnonr, eitizem ol' the United States. ol' 'l-xmeriez'z, and residents,

'-respeetirely, of Jersey (it .Xew Jersey,

and New York eity, New Yorlrfhave in- Vented certain new and useful Xehulizers oi the lleavier [Liquid l'[ v lroc-arbons. the prine eiples ol' whieh are set forth in the following speeilieatimi and aeeo npanying drawing, which diselosethe Form of the invention which we rmw-ronshler io he the heat of the "various iorms' in wh-ieh said pri'rnriples may he (-unbodiew'ly ll1i. i'nre11tim1 1 '*late.-: -to apparatus for nebulizintr oruile' petrolei-nn, and its distillates which are k11ow1'1-i1'1 the artas gas-oils. The-objeot ol' the invention is to obtain unmixed oil-n el'nlla-without the employment of sin-h means as the: injection of steam or air with the oil:- and to ohtain this resultwithont r-aubs-tantial or deleterimis ez'rrlmnization of IJU'Il'JiUllS of the oil by the lreateinployed'in gasifieation: and the object is also to obtnn: oil nebula which can be gias1fiedwithout '-;he use of tl1e'exeessii'e heat which hashitherto been employed in'the absence or a sp1a 'i1'1;r oi the-oil h air or stean jets.

The. ihvention consists in the apparatus hereinafter deseribeil. and illustrated in detail in the speeitieat'ion and. drawing, and particularly set forth in the claims.

()l' the drawings, Figure 1 is a longi udinal seetion of a generator embodying-the inven- 35 tion, and shown in connection with a ei'igine, as one example'of an ElPPllC-tltlOU of the invention: Fig. 2 a seetion of the genei ator G'ol. Fig. along theline .'z*-.r: Fig. 3

is-a longitudinal section of the nehulizer Y 4 0 of Fig. '1 Figs. 4-7 a re sepa rate views of the constituent members o1 the nebulizer Y which are shown in assembled section in Fig.

' 3, Fig. 4 being a longitudinal section of the shell S, Fig. 5 a similar section of the silpport R for the nebulizer plug Q, Fig. 6 .a. similar i'iew of =t-he-neb11lizer plug" Fig. 7 beine a side elevatimrof a plug K for the nelmlizer plug Q; Fig. 8 isa left end view oi 6:

Fig. tris a right end View of Fig. 6: Fi i. (Wis a section through Fig. (ialongthe line it- Y1 Figs. 9 and more. a: front ehw'ation and a longitudinal section respect y 01 an oil gas retort" emhodying the "i DYtHi'lOHT. 11ml "para-ins and stopped. the further eiXee;

posit, of carbonized residue, and to hrea means of a steam or air jet.- it has heen'inec ra-nse the destrnet-ik-m-of .1;l| -=.1-'etnr 1;; the produotsoi'j which have ologg'e jftlr ol the method until the depositedearhon' residue was removed from the ap'pa else it. has been necessary toemplor or hot compressed air to act by'i'mpa the oil inorder' to endeavor to prev.

the oil tfoan extent sufficientt-o-obtiii elieetive gasific-ation by'xnean' of th and even in the latter case seridu ('farhorn a; tion has occurred; or else Soj'gm vnear114s been used to-efi'eot gasi'i'ication' tha itis li or destroyed the generating chaniher Hitherto it has not heeirh'elievecl to. b" sible to 'meehanieally mhu'iiie t-l e oils, even with the aid of st-ea-nfor 1. pressed. air. so that the partiole "s of oil' i lie sutlieientl'v tine to permit 'superhbatiiig fied. =Hit-l1orto in themos 'tell'ee ods whieh have notv eniplqved' great-heat, ithas beenattempted heavy oilbehn'e-a )ra}'ing :it with a into the generator. in order t lia er iiiiar at-ivelr larg'e nirticles Joli the'spray .111ight the 1nore'readily lie-gaeifi-id l e heat in the generating elianih'erit-his pr' heating being necessaryowing Mien-one r pa-ratlvelr large SIZP'Ol the spra'v 'partl l'eli sary to employ tempora'tnrejoohi short usage. ."The myeosity oli-au-prq-lre:

has-liven a "vital 'deh-et. aeeause 13 1%; in zrsnhstantial earlminizzrtioli whioh n." a residue. whi. -.h in a sinn't timeek-x1*n loreiLi n ssihl'e the eli11tii-1ualjlee oist he exeo 11ithe 'ro'cess;fand' if the carbonizing effects or the eat of the -steam or hot compressed air or ofthe genera-tor upon the oil were reduced lowering thete nperatu're Oithe o'il supb plied to the generator, then the advantage.

pense. and"inconvenience, but because itmade it impossible to obtain an unmixed oil" gas, the resulting product being either a dangerou'sly explos ve nnxture',-or a deleterious condensation of steam in the. apparatus to' which the (product was supplied; and when an unnnxe gas-oi1 hasbe'en obtained, without the use of a steam or air-jet, as in a retort employing a high temperature, the carbon- 116 residue hasbeen so great as to materially affect the cconomy of the process, independ- 'ently of the cost of reconstructing the re- .tbrts when damaged by the great beat empltfied r accordance with thisinvention, .the cold heavy oil, without pre-heating, is mechanically converted into nebula, independ chamber, wherein the extremely fineparently of the use of steam or air or similar means which hitherto simply broke up the oil into a mere spray, as d stinguished from nebula or extremely fine mist. The oil alone, in the form of nebula, is then in condition to e be utilized in slow combustion as in a burner and in case it is desired to use itin the form of 'as,-it is when thus nebulized, in condition to completel *gasified by being conducted nto, or forme in, a heated gas-generating ticles of oil constituting the nelnilawil be superheated to a much reater degreebefore cracking than is possib e in the case of the comparatively large particles of a spray caused b the im act of steam or air on the li uid 0i B t 's excessive superheating be ore it final y cracks, each particle of the vapor, when the critical tem erature con' dition is reached, is practical y completely converted into unmixed oil-gas, free from any admixture of steam or air, and suitable for an" of the uses to which an illuminating or exp osive'gas may be put; The oil before beingr'nebulized'is kept below tie temperature of carbonization, thus prei'enting the formation of any residue in the oil supply or its out-let; this maintenance of a low temra'ture of the oil being permissible owing to the fact that pie-heating is not necessary in this process, but on the contrary is deleterious. Owing to the complete mechanical nebulization of the oil, and the resulting substantially "com lete gasification clear-h mi nute particle. o nebula, substantially no earbonization occurs in the generatil'ig chamber,

wherein substantially allthe heat utilized expended in 'superheating 4 the respective 'minute particles-up to their cracking ternpera ture. Notwithstanding the fact that in accordance with this invention, the oil'is superheated to a greater degr e'ebefore gasifi'eation' than hitherto, the amount of'h'eat' energy required to produce a given volume o'l: oil gas is very much less, b ecause substant-ially none of the heat energy is Wasted in carbonization, the product of which itselfis a waste.

A concrete o )erative example of an application of the invent-ion to generate gas for a gas engine supply, in which it has been successfully used in practice, is shown in 1,

wherein G is a gas generator having an innerehamber connected to supply the gas througlnthe pipe 1 pllfi'itlttl with valve 2 to the cylinder valves of the engine 3 of any suitable well-known type adapted to be operated by gas-explosions and provided'with an air-inlet 19. The exhaust is led i'ri'inrthe engine to an annular chamber A of the generator G, to supply heat thereto, in accordance with the well known method; the exhaust gases passing from the engine through the pipe 4, gate\'al\'e 5, chamber 6, and thence to the annular chamber A.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the chamber A is provided with partitions B, which extend not quite (Fig. 1) to the left hand end of the generator, so that the exhaust gases pass from the chamber 6 tothe left (see arrows Fig. 1), in the lower part ofc-hamber A,

thence around the end'of the partitions B, thence to the right in the upper part of the chamber A, and then to the atmosphere through the pipe 7, after having given up most of their heat to the walls separating chamber A from chamber t, so that the spacc within these walls in the chamber is maintained at a high temperature. Into the left end of the generator G is screwed the inechanial n'ebulizer Y, to which the heavy oil is supplied through the pipe 8 from tank 9 containing the oil under compz'uativelr. high pressure, in the case shown of about twent} five pounds, the pressure being preferably that ol a column of water 10 connecting with an open cock in the water supply pipe ll, although the press-lire might be obtained l) the use of air, or b an oil pump. As the ]l0l)UllZ('(l oil alone, free from an other material, issues from the right-hand end of ilie nebulizer l, it'becomes substantially completely gasiiied by theheat in the chamber and passes to the place of utilization, which is the gas engine 3 in the example shown. 'lhe portions of oil which are carbonized in this process are so smallthat the all pass readil; with the gas to the place of utilization. without deposition in the gmlerating chamber or the various passages.

'lhe nebulixer which contains the eontrolling mechanism of the invention,

v is

, separately in Fig. 5.

50 I p 'hen'ie; lTI the lateral openln is formed "l):\'

i gent to under pressure in the interior U of the shell, from being foreed out.

thegliolell is drilled fronrthe outside.

he extremely tine oil outlet includes an out- 'lGt' passage of some ht ed at Tto receive a part to he described The shell Silas a threaded opening D for an outlet water pipe connection. and another threaded opening E for a eonneetion for the inletwaterpipe P. p

1 lhe,.thre:uled opening T reeeivrs the support -lt (Fig. 3) for the nebulizer plug Qt which parts are shown '1QS{Z)9CllYGl \"lll detail 1n Figs. 5 and ,6.

I As shown in Fig. 3. the support it has agasket between it and the end of the shell and a gasket between itself and the plug Q, in. order tonialte the shell water tight; and it has a-li ange .21

whieh serves a limiting stop for the nehu lizer plug Q and also to prevent-the water I p The fiangejZl isinehnetlas shown, so asnot to interfere with vthe formation of the nehula.

' In Fig. 8 are shown the slots 27 by which the piug shown separately in Fig. 6 is serewed into the supportii, which is slrown I The nehulizer plug Q contains a minute. .r lindrieal passage 72 .iihich: is the tin) centrifugal passage which eeeio es the heavy oil "under high pressure,

ntl converts it into nebula, being made, with an, orthnary drill, .thus leaving small (one rigl'ithand end 'lhi little passage, n in Fig. 6?, 1s only one eighth ot an 111011 and one eighth of an inch in diameter, although the prior art has lacked ex- -n're small oil passages in centrifugal oil ngkleiice's. its concentricoutlet H at t hand end, shown in Figs. 6 and 6*. .i-nitnhhlx a number eight Morse drill. ut the smallest operative drill in exist- Thei iassage Z is made to extend as V 5211: as possible tnroug'h the nehulizer plug.

.wi-thout actuall} breaking through; and then r I rlllfi le length between the centrifugal passage Z and the exterior of the nehulizer. The oil inlet passage I in the top; Wall of the e rlindrieal a number seventy Horse (trill; and is directed substantially tanthe inner surlaee of the cylindrical pass 'e 7d. and located ahout midway o-l' the b length t this passage. I The passage l-ls drilled{throughtr "t the and then the opening;-

shown in detail in Figs. 3*5, and in Figs. 6 1

oil supply" pipe I ble which instantly lire owing to the pressure behind the oil, the exthe shell U will always (shown t passage'Z is serrated as shown at W, the serrations heing l'ormed liv a St r or jeweler-s ltailktl' of a diameter slightly larger than that of the passage, which reanier is punched into the passage hi form the eurred serrations or grooves as shown, somewhat resembling the ritling' of a fire-arm.

ating tool The oil inlet 1. is continued with a, horizontal portion N, larger than the passage land haring' a threaded opening" h/l about three-sixteenths of an inch in tliainetei', to receive the 8, which extends into the shel 15 through the water inlet pipe 1. \l'li'en the heavy oil is forced under r-hehigh pressure stated, through the pipe S, passage-s N and I. it llows into the centrifugal passage Z in an extremely tine stream at an extremely high rateol 'speed; and this fine stream of heavy oil flows at high speedarouml'the inner surface of the centrifugal passage Z, which has a diameter \\'lll,('il is'lalrge as conipared with that of thefinlet ,lfalthough artually snialhso that tlre'peeuliar actiondue to the movement; of the oil, causes a-nextraor- (linar v whirling of theoil asit [lows to the right toward the eXt'rer-I-iely lineboutlet where it IS eontracted'so as to assume the form of an eXtreniel\"'line stream the. )arts of which are now in a whirling state, however; and from the outletlh the 011 issues in the form oi a hollow whirling .llolmle bu'l) up into nebula.

trerme fineness oi the inletand' outlet: of the centrifugal passage of rompa'rativelr substantially larger but absolutely small diameter, and the centrifugal action inside that passage. The mechanical structures involving the (liselosed arrznlgoinent:and ah solute and relative sizes ol' these passagesniav he various. V I

The arranginnentol' the oil inlet pipe 8 inside the water inlet. pipe l permits the pipe Nth enteriu -'ide the spare 'Uwtrithout cont'art with the shell which might ra'use.

1 ill" the incomingoil to he uhelulf" heated. outlet pipe l is provided with astop rook 22. so that the cot-ll m he'adjnsted to pernit a smaller outtlo w'ot'waterthat? (an enter the shell through the pipe P, so that ull or water which will eaz-ver the exposed shriacesoi the parts i, Q and li which parts would otherwise l'iet' o'me heated bytlteh'eot used in heating the oilnebula. I .ll' desired, the pipe Pf may he th' e water inlet, andthepipe P-the water o't1tl(. t p T The" left hand end of the rentril t'rgal passage Z is itself op'e'n.' (Fig; l dart is in operation elos eti l; \"a' partrl (lfig T and Sllitting the awning and projee 'roln oping K .ep'arately in Fig. 7), whieh' is all justablyserewed into the eentral opening 2.? in the nebulizer-plug QI- This projertiou J may enter to a greater or less extent into the cylindrical passage Zias desir ed for varying condltions, such as different grades of heavy oil, and different pressures thereof. The

righthand end ofthe part J is flat to constltute a fiat closure for'the centrifugal pas;

sage A he apparatus will operate satisfactorily if the regulating projection J be adjusted into the cylindrical passage Z as far as the inlet I but it operates best when the inlet 1 is about midway between the outlet H and the other end of the passage-Z, formed by the vend of projectiomJ. The quantityof subfor use with oil of a given qua t drawings. .In the op'er scribed, the inletlAs formedbv a number a partial gasiiicati heated, as in the prior art.

sions given above, one -gallon of crude oilor, .one gallon of gas oil will be nebuhzed each The inlet I and outlet H ar so minute that they cannot be shown in e act size on the ve example deseventy Morse drill, and theoutlet H by a number eighty Morse drill. The outlet H should be slightly smaller than the inletjI, in order to obtain the pressure inside the passage Z which produces the best results; althoughthe difference in diameter is very slight, as is indicated by the dimensions stated. A diameter of the passage Z of oneeighth of an inch apparenty produces the best results-with the stated diameters of the inlet 1 and outl'et H, although a diameter of passage Z of one-sixteenth of an inch gives good results. A pressure behind the oil of about twenty five pounds a pears to pro duce the best results, althoug a higher pressure up to at least sixty pounds glves good results as tothe gasifiable nebula produced. If the pressure is reduced very much below twenty five pounds, for the above dirnensions of structure, the process degenerates into a mere more or less effective spraying of the oil, which consumes a much larger quantity of oil which is'simply s uirted at low pressure through the passage Q, without substantial interioraction and withoutpro ducing a nebula, aii l'without any more than of the s irayed oil, when Vith the dime-nhour, using a pressure behind the oil of about twenty five pounds With the dimensions of inlet and' outlet givenabove, but with a diameter of the passage Z of one quarter of an inch instead of one eighth, one allon of "crude oil or kerosene per hour can. e nebulized under an oil pressure of about twenty fivepounds; but-with a diameter of the assage Z"materi ally greater than one eight of an inch, and with the stated diameters ofthe outlet and inlet, gas oil apparently cannot be vaporized, underany oil pressure whatsoever, thev reason for this being as yet oboutletmay be slightly increased to nebulize larger quantities of oil, the operating oil outlets used are of larger diameter. At best, these passages'are extremely fine, but practice has demonstrated that they will not Jecome clogged with a carbonized residue. Under the o *erative' conditions above set forth, the nebu a resulting from the breaking up of thewhirling globule at the outlet H, is

that it can be blown away with the breath from'the place .of its formation, and in appearance it almost precisely resembles steam? f. the hand be held in front ofthe place of formation, there is no sensation ofjimpact of the nebula.

wall of the generator G, as shown in Fig. 1, they water inlet ripe P is connected to the water jacket of t e engine 3-, in this articular application of the invention. he part of the nebulizer which projects into the generatorG is subjectedtoa high temperature, which by. metallic conduction might, on occasions, keepsall the .parts of the nebulizer hot enough to carbonize the oil, particularly in the extremely small passages of the nebulizerj But in the construction shown, the entire interior s ace'U of the shell S is kept filled with circu atingwatelr under pressure, which wastesthrough the pipe P. The oil inlet ipe 8 extends through the water. inlet pipe Since nothing but the oii passes through the fine passages I, H, and the cylindrical passage Z, it is important to keep it below carbonizing temperature by this means, which may be accomplished even by the warm water from the engine water jacket, as the water need not be cold. If desired to produce a greater quantity of nebula in a given installation for given 'con- 'litions and-with given adjustments of the cylindrical passage Z, a plurality of such passages may be used,-either combined in one nebulizer plug Q, orby the use oi a plurality of nebulizers V, Fig. 3.

If desired, the nebulizer may he directly connectml with the cylinder of a gas engine 13, as shown in Fig. l], to whirl: vyiinder air may bb admitted in the usual \\a to form an explosive mixture with the oil scure, In general, thesizes oithe inlet and pressure being increased as the inlets and composed of such extremelyfine particles When the nebulizer V is screwed in the nebula; the generating chamber in this case -bei'ng the engine cylinder itself. Or, to start coldthe engine 3 of Fig. 1, a burner may be -arranged, as shownbe'low the generator, to

. supply hot products of oil-nebula combustion through the gate valve 14 to the chamber 6 and heating chamber A, When the exhaust -valve 5 is closed. The generating chamber C may'thus be preliminarily heated, so that gas may be generated therein lrolnthe oilnebula issuing from the nebulizer V. The

oil-nebula burner comprises achaniber 15 connected wlththe Valve 14, and formed with air inlet openings 16. A nebulizer Y, constructed and operated precisely like nebulizer V of Fig. 1, is screwed into the left end wallof the chamber 15, and no air is permitted inside the ncbuliizer Y or to have access totheoil in; any manner until. the oil-nebula issues from the whirling oil globule at the" opening 16 by any suitable means such as a lower. A burner constructed and operated in accordance with these principles, may be used in an'y other applicationwhere heat is required. y

The invention disclosed l1erein is particularly useful in the manufacture ol gas in retorts, .forilluniinating purposes, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In these figures is shown an ordinary retort of this kind, as used for the production of' to be compressed, and stored in cylinders, and used for the. illumination of railway cars or vehicles. 'The retorts have a-U-shaped generating chamber 17., provided, for example, with a n'iallea'ble iron lining an inch or two thick, and incasod in brick-work as shown, the heat being ap f plied from a firebox located beneath the retort. It has been the practice to cause the heavy oil to drop upon the interior surfaces of these retorts, reliance being placed solely on the high temperature producedin the firebox, to efi'cctgasification, this being the most elleetive rocess for this purpose prior to this invention in the art of making illuretorts, and the one most niinaling oil-gas in I commonly used. But the high temperature flrequired'to-produce gas from the drops or streams of oil, not only carbonized the oil to a great extent, requ ring frequent stoppage of ,the process and a cleaning out of the retort; at least every few weeks 1n uclr'a burn-out oi then'on easing as to re- )u t it resulted quire renewal of the brickwork and a. coin- -to the highest critical point, i 'beiior any given use or ap'plic Naturally, these proporti plete' reconstruction o f 'ffe tort, incliidin'; replacement of the iro' 'wallsbf the gene -t"-' ing chamber. In order to operatathis'invention with such a emmas {nebuligrerV' is simply placed in the position shown in 10, at/one end of the chamber l7, this nebii lizer being constructed? and crate cisely as the nebulizer' V ofiTFi' y when the nebulizer is operated, t esame gas heretofore produced insuchgretorts, is made by so much less expendit of heat: as-to- 'indefinitely prolong thelife the aetomwhib at the same time prew' enti a atiasteful can bonization of the oilfa nd with t rje qni ing any air or steam jet }'r"0r":"s1:ir lnihfis'i' case, as in Fig. 1, the extfern no particles 30 of the oil nebulaareapparen lysupw ieateu crack to produce eompletegasificat In the gas generator for use wfitlttlns in-f vention, as shown inl ig. =1, there may been 35 opening 18 for a gas exit: o perini hegflow of the gas for testingepurposes; a may also bean opening lzll. totpe withdrawal of condensechoilmeh where the generator has bee without the proper ad-iustlm lizer or of the pressure 1' 'h tion, involving varying furnished or gas consulile engineer rnust exercisecare inprocuringa nebulizer in whichtheinlet and outl sages are properly propprtio d, erlv adjust the pressure,-;bel n as to cause the productio than could be gasilied b and in such case the unga condense into its fluid for 1, the carbonization of the. q wallof the generating chanib where sul'licient heat is emplo ed retort of Fig. 10, a i-ixedgaslis proc it is not necessary to prod use in gas engines, as in F o S aturally, many, min made within the scope o; the only in the structure, but 'i'nt otthe structure, and also executing the process. centrifugal passage Z 1 form, as a continuation, stead. of one strictly c heir l ndi' latter word is here used to in formations of this p substantially circular c1 operate in accordance My theim'entionQQ y We do not hcrein c its gas-generating subject matter of I X umber 36$,l33; and the invention in its g .being' the subject-matter of our application Serial N umber 366,698.

\Ye claim;

1 A nehulizer which consists of a structure having/in combination a small centrifugal oil passa e closed at one end and having an extreme y fine nebuhzmg outlet at its othei end, and

having an extremely fine outlet passage extending from said outlet, and having also means admitting Oil in extremely limited volume to whirl m the small centrifugal pas sage. toward said extremely fine outlet,

' whereby the oil is discharged from the nebmeans admittm volume to whirl 1n the small centrifugalpas- A- nebulizer 0 which consists of a structure having in coming a substantiall ulizer in an extremely fine mist.

2.- A nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure having incombinatlon a small centrifugal ()ll' passa e closed at one end and havmg an extreme y finchebulizin outlet at its other end, and" havmg a single extremely fine oil inlet ad-- Imttmg oil to whirl in the small centrifugal passa e toward said extremely fine outlet, where y the oil is discharged from the nebuhzer in'an extremel r fine mist.

bination a small centrifugal oil passage havflat closure at one end and a substantial T conical shape at the other end, and an extremely fine nebulizing outlet at the point of the conical end, and oil in extremely limited sage toward the extremely fine outlet.

-' K4IA nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons I which consists of a structure having in comof oil into the small'centrifu a --stantially tangent to the wal thereof and at wan angle to the axis thereof, to cause the oil I whichconsists of a structure having in coml bination a small centrifugal oil passage closed at one end and having an extremely finenebulizing outlet at its other end, and .means admitting an extremely fine stream passage sul in extremely limited 'volume to whirl inthe small centrifugal passage toward said extremely fine outlet,'. whereby the 'oil is dis-.

charged from the nebulizer in an extremely fine mist. l

. 5. A .nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons bination a-small centrifugal oil passage having an extremely fine oil outlet on one end,

an adjustable plug closing theother end, and' means admittin oil in extremely limited volume to whirl in the small centrifugal passage toward the extremely fine outlet.

6. A nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure comprising means for constricting a stream of oil into an extremely fine strean1;}in comhination with means for causing the extremely fine stream to assume the state of a whirl wlnch is small in diameter but substantially larger than of liquid hydrocarbons liquid hydrocarbons 10. A nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons said extremely-fine stream; and means for contracting the whirl, prior to-its ejection from the nebulizer, into another extremely fine stream; whereby the\oil is discharged from the nebulizer in'an extremely fine mist. Y

7. A nebulizer' of liquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure having in combination a small centrifugal oi as'sage closed at one end and having an ex remely fine nebulizing outlet at its other end, and means admitting oil" in extremely limited volumeto whirl in I. the small centrifugal passage toward said extremely fine outlet, whereby the oil is" discharged from the nebulizer in an extremely fine mist. I

8. A nebulizer ef iquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure having in combination a small. centrifugal oil passage closed (at one end and having an extremely fine nebulizing outlet at its other end; means admitting oil in extremely limited volume to whirl in' the small centrifugal passage toward said extremely fineoutlet, whereby the oil is dischargedfrom the nebulizer in an extremely fine mist; and means for forcing the oil under pressure through said admisslon means. I

9. A nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure having in combmatron a small centrifugal o1l passage closed at one endand having an extremely fine nebulizing outlet at its other endymeans' admitting oil in extremely limited volume to Whirl in the small centrifugal passage toward said extremely fine outlet; whereby the oil is discharged from the nebulizer in an extremely fine mist; and means for main taining a fluid circulation to cool said strucwh'ich consists of a structure having in combination a small centrifugal oil passage of general cylindrical form, closed at one ,end

i and having an extremely fine nebulizing' outbination a small centrifugal oil passage of,

general cylindricalforin and having a substantially fiat closure at one end and a substantially conical shape at the other end, and

.an extremely fine nebulizing outlet at the point of the conical. end, and means admitting oil in extremely limited volume to whirl in the small centrifugal passage toward the extremely fine outlet. I

1 2-. A nebulizer of liquid hydrocarbons which consists of a structure having a small centrifugal oil passage closed at one end and having an extremely fine nebulizing outlet 1 all whereby the oil is discharged from the at its other end; nieens admitting oil in exl ne mlizer in an extremely fine mist. v 'tremely lIlIIIitGClVOlUHIBtO Whirl in the small i JOHN -H. STRINGHAM. centrifugal passage toward said extremely JOHN B. ELMENDORF. fine outlet; and inlet passage means to e0n-. Witnesses: v strict the volume of admitted oil prioi to its PHILrP FARNSWORTH, entrance into the smell centrifugal passage; RALPH C. POWELL. 

